Program

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman

Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman

TU Darmstadt, Germany

Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman received a Master of Science and Doctor of Science degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. She worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Glass and Ceramics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and after that changed to the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, where she was promoted to Apl. Professor in 2015. In the years 2014-2017 T. Gambaryan-Roisman has coordinated the Marie Curie Initial Training Network “Complex wetting Phenomena” (CoWet). She is currently coordinating an Innovative Training Network “Dynamics of dense nanosuspensions: a pathway to novel functional materials“ (nanoPaInt). She coordinates the Science Team of the ISS experiment “Marangoni in Films”. The research interest of T. Gambaryan-Roisman include interfacial transport and phase change, and complex wetting phenomena. She authored more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed international journals and several book chapters.

Keynote on September 16th

09:15-10:00 Transport process in porous coatings for heat transfer applications and beyond

Marc Pascual

Marc Pascual

Hummink, France

After MSc in physics & PhD at ESPCI Paris on the phase separation of temperature responsive mixtures under confinement and a post-doc at ENS Paris on the harvesting of waste heats with the combination of those mixtures and nanoporous membranes, Marc Pascual joined Hummink in 2021 (a spin-off from LPENS lab, ENS Paris) as a process engineer to develop the capillary printing technology. Since then he works on the continuous improvement of inks and hardware as well as on the realization of demo for customers and on the set-up of printers at clients facilities.

Keynote on September 17th

09:45-10:30 Capillary printing down to the micronic scale

IGNACIO PAGONABARRAGA

IGNACIO PAGONABARRAGA

Universitat de Barcelona, Spain

Ignacio Pagonabarraga  studied at the University of Barcelona where he obtained his PhD in Physics in nonequilibrium statistical physics. He performed postdoctoral stays at Instituut Amolf (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK) and moved back to Barcelona. He is Professor of Physics at  the Department of Condensed Matter Physics since 2011. He is member of UBICS (University of Barcelona Center of Complex Systems) He has been the CECAM Director in the period 2017-2022. His research focuses on the theoretical understanding of  soft matter systems  out of equilibrium, with particular interest in collective phenomena in active matter, aiming at reaching fundamental new understanding of the mechanics and emerging behavior in such systems. He develops and exploits novel computational  methods to study these complex, heterogeneous dynamic systems.

Keynote on September 17th

09:00-09:45 When Wetting Gets Slippery: Dissipation, Contact Angles, and the Breakdown of Classical Capillary Dynamics

YOUSSEF SAADE

YOUSSEF SAADE

R&D Canon Production Printing, Netherlands

Youssef Saade works as an R&D scientist at Canon Production Printing Netherlands B.V.
He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Twente under the mentorship of Prof. Detlef Lohse and Prof. Andrea Prosperetti. His research interests span a wide range of fluid dynamics phenomena. He focuses on multiphase flows in general, and within the context of his work at Canon, specifically on interfacial flows: jetting, droplet formation, droplet spreading, contact line motion, etc.

Keynote on September 16th

10:00-10:45

JAMES SPRITTLES

JAMES SPRITTLES

University of Warwick, United Kingdom

James Sprittles is a Professor in the Mathematics Institute at the University of Warwick, specializing in fluid dynamics, interfacial phenomena, and multiscale modelling. He received his PhD from the University of Birmingham in 2009 and went on to hold an EPSRC Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mathematics at the same institution. He then took up a Junior Research Fellowship at the University of Oxford. His research focuses on the mathematical and computational modeling of small scale flows, including droplet dynamics, nanofluidics, and wetting processes, often at micro- and nano-scales. Prof. Sprittles is particularly known for his work on dynamic wetting, where he investigates how liquids interact with solid surfaces, especially under extreme physical conditions.

Keynote on September 17th

14:00-14:45 Gas Nanofilms in Coating Flows: Predictive Computational Modelling of Flow Transitions

Laurence Talini

Laurence Talini

SVI Lab (CNRS & Saint Gobain Recherche), France

Laurence Talini is a physicist specializing in soft matter. After holding a position at Sorbonne Université, she joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) as a senior researcher in 2019. Her recent work explores transfer phenomena and interfacial flows in situations where they are driven by small-scale physico-chemical properties. She conducts her research at the Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI) laboratory, a joint unit between CNRS and Saint-Gobain, where the scientific questions she addresses are often linked to industrial issues.

Keynote on September 18th

09:00-09:45 How to control thickness non-uniformities in drying liquid coatings

Hadj Benkreira

Hadj Benkreira

University of Bradford, UK

Professor Hadj Benkreira studied Chemical Engineering at the University of Bradford from 1972 to 1977, earning both a BEng and an MSc. Following his graduation, he joined SONATRACH, Algeria’s largest petrochemical corporation. He then returned to the University of Bradford to work with W.L. Wilkinson (CBE, FRS, FREng) and M.F. Edwards (OBE, FREng) as a PhD Research Assistant, sponsored by the UK Science and Engineering Research Council. After finishing his PhD, he stayed as a Research Fellow, sponsored by the UK Polymer Engineering Directorate. He became a “New Blood Lecturer” at the Dept of Chemical Engineering in 1985 and progressed in 1998 to a Personal Research Chair in Coating and Polymer Processing. In 2004, he was appointed Associate Dean of Research & Knowledge Transfer of the newly formed School of Engineering, Design & Technology. He held this post for 5 years, until 2009 when he undertook with colleagues to re-establish Chemical Engineering at Bradford. Professor Benkreira is a longstanding member of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Peer Review College. He held the post of Vice-President of the International Society of Coating Science and Technology (ISCST) and is a founder member of the European Coating Society (ECS) and its current Vice-President.

ECS 30th Anniversary Lecture on September 16th

14:00-14:45 ECS since its inception in 1994@Bradford UK

 

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE

Please note that registration for ECS will be open on Monday, 15th September, from 17:30 to 19:00. A welcome drink will be served at 17:30, following the pre-conference training.

Main Hall

Assembly Room
09:00-09:30 Registration to pre-conference course and ECS
09:30-11:00 Basilisk for multiphase flow simulations
11:00-11:30 Coffee break
11:30-13:00 Basilisk for multiphase flow simulations (cont)
13:00-14:00 Lunch
14:00-15:30 Getting started with OpenFOAM: Fundamentals and practical coating applications
15:30-16:00 Coffee break
16:00-17:30 Getting started with OpenFOAM: Fundamentals and practical coating applications (cont)
17:30-19:00 Registration to ECS and welcome drink

Main Hall

Assembly Room
08:15-09:00 Registration to ECS
09:00-09:15 Opening address
09:15-10:00 Keynote lecture: Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman (TU Darmstadt, Germany)
10:00-10:45 Keynote lecture: Youssef Saade (R&D Canon Production Printing, Netherlands)
10:45-11:15 Coffee break & Poster session
11:15-12:35 A1 (4 talks): Drying electrodes (I) A2 (4 talks): Colloidal dispersions
12:35-14:00 Lunch
14:00-14:45 ECS 30th Anniversary Lecture: Hadj Benkreira (University of Bradford, UK)
14:45-15:45 B1 (3 talks): Inkjet printing B2 (3 talks): Film hydrodynamics (I)
15:45-16:15 Coffee break & Poster session
16:15-16:55 C1 (2 talks): Surface treatment C2 (2 talks): Imbibition
16:55-17:30 Poster flash talks
17:30-19:00 Poster session and Spanish aperitive
19:00-20:00 Meeting of the ECS Scientific Committee (free evening for the others)

Main Hall

Assembly Room
09:00-09:45 Keynote lecture: Ignacio Pagonabarraga (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain)
09:45-10:30 Keynote lecture: Marc Pascual (Hummink, France)
10:30-11:00 Coffee break & Poster session
11:00-12:20 D1 (4 talks): Drying electrodes (II) D2 (4 talks): Adhesion, wetting
12:20-14:00 Lunch
14:00-14:45 Keynote lecture: James Sprittles (University of Warwick, United Kingdom)
14:45-15:45 E1 (3 talks): Coating processes (I) E2 (3 talks): Drying of multicomponent systems (I)
15:45-16:15 Coffee break & Poster session
16:15-17:15 F1 (3 talks): Coating processes (II) F2 (3 talks): Film hydrodynamics (II)
17:15-17:30 In Memoriam Bud Homsy: Laurent Limat (Université Paris Cité/CNRS, France)
17:30 ECS27 Announcement
19:00 Bus for Panoramic Tour heading to Gala dinner
20:30 Gala Dinner in Árbore da Veira (Monte San Pedro)

Main Hall

Assembly Room
09:00-09:45 Keynote lecture: Laurence Talini (SVI Lab (CNRS & Saint Gobain Recherche), France)
09:45-10:45 G1 (3 talks): Coating processes (III) G2 (3 talks)Drying of multicomponent systems(III)
10:45-11:15 Coffee break & Poster session
11:15-12:15 H1 (3 talks): Drying and crack formation H2 (3 talks): Film hydrodynamics (III)
12:15-12:30 Closing address
12:30-13:30 Lunch
12:30-19:00 Excursion to Santiago (optional)
List of contributing authors
List of participants

TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Instruction to speakers:

  • Please bring your presentation in PDF or PPTX format to ensure compatibility. All presentations must be uploaded before the beginning of your session at the “drop point” located in the lobby.
  • Each presentation is allocated a 20 minutes slot. There will be a monitor in each room showing the talk time, with the following color code: GREEN first 13 minutes of the talk, YELLOW last 2 minutes of the talk, RED 4 minutes maximum for questions and discussion, and BLACK 1 minute for the change of speaker.

 

Main Hall

Assembly Room
A1: Drying electrodes (I)
  • 11:15 – Drying of Sodium-Ion Battery (SIB) Electrodes: David Burger (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
  • 11:35 – Development of a non-contact ultra-low moisture measurement and AI-driven modeling for battery electrode coating process optimization: Sang Hyun Oh (Korea Institute of Energy Research)
  • 11:55 – Post-Drying of Coated Electrodes for Lithium Ion Battery Production: Philipp Barbig (Karslruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
  • 12:15 – Enhancing Recirculation in Convection Dryers for Improved Drying Efficiency of Water-Based Battery Electrodes: Jonas Mohacsi (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
    A2: Colloidal dispersions
    • 11:15 – Effect of volume fraction distribution during drying of colloidal dispersions confined in a unidirectional drying cell on crack initiation: Shiro Wakaki (Sanjo City University)
    • 11:35 – Role of evaporation and sedimentation rates on drying dynamics and microstructures in colloidal films: Hyun Wook Jung (Korea University)
    • 11:55 – Depicting the aggregation of TIO2  oil suspensions from bulk to deposit: Andrea Carretero (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, FAST; Laboratoire Léon Brillouin UMR CEA-CNRS 12 CEA- Saclay)
    • 12:15 – Impact of dynamic brush layers on slurry flow and microstructure in film coating: particle-based simulation study: Byoungjin Chun (Korea University)
    B1: Inkjet printing
    • 14:45 – Ink Jet coating for Roll-to-Roll fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cell: Nobuo Hamamoto (AndanTEC)
    • 15:05 – Printing the Unprintable – Recent Advances in Inkjet Technology for Coating Applications: Paul Grandgeorge (iPrint, HEIA-FR, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland)
    • 15:25 – Pore-fiber transport dynamics of aqueous co-solvent solutions in paper: Anton Darhuber (Eindhoven University of Technology)
    B2: Film hydrodynamics (I)
    • 14:45 – Real-time interface reconstruction of a falling liquid film using deflectometry: Damien Rigutto (Université libre de Bruxelles, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)
    • 15:05 – Direct numerical simulations of non-isothermal falling films: Gianluca Lavalle (Ecoles des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN)
    • 15:25 – Modelling of the falling liquid film on an inclined fibre: Rafael Solana Gómez (Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, RWTH Aachen University)

     
    C1: Surface treatment
    • 16:15 – Simulation of Surface Treatment Processes for Complex Parts using LBM: Thibaut Van Hoof (Cenaero)
    • 16:35 – Upconverting thermal history coatings for aerospace applications: Wit Stryczniewicz (Lukasiewicz – Institute of Aviation)
    C2: Imbibition
    • 16:15 – Drying of silicone oil emulsions on an absorbent substrate: Allan Salem-Tabet (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Toulouse INP)
    • 16:35 – Evaporation of and Deposition from Evaporating Droplets: Stephen Wilson (University of Strathclyde)

     

     

     

    Main Hall

    Assembly Room
    D1: Drying electrodes (II)
    • 11:00 – Solvent-reduced processing of battery electrodes – An experimental investigation of drying behavior: Kevin Ly (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
    • 11:20 – Energy usage optimization during battery electrode manufacturing considering transient heat and mass transfer behavior: Sang Hyun Oh (Korea Institute of Energy Research)
    • 11:40 – Towards Higher Production Speeds in Battery Electrode Drying Using IR and Laser: Julian Borho (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
    • 12:00 – Evaluation of particle packing process of MLCC electrode slurry based on simultaneous analysis of surface scattering and thickness decrease: Yoshiyuki Komoda (Kobe Univesity)
    D2: Adhesion, wetting
    • 11:00 – Experimental studies of interactions between micrometric glass fibers: Sacha Bouvier (Institute of Light and Matter (ILM), UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Saint-Gobain Research Paris)
    • 11:20 – Contact-line velocities at the superhydrophobic limit: Dennis van der Voort (ASML Research)
    • 11:40 – The rapidly advancing contact line: testing the limits of numerical resolution: Stéphane Zaleski (Sorbonne Université – Institut Universitaire de France)
    • 12:00 – Drops sliding down an inclined, deformable, coating: linear versus non-linear models: Laurent Limat (Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes)

     
    E1: Coating processes (I)
    • 14:45 – LIB intermittence coating thickness transition analysis by mass balance and MPFI simulation: Nobuo Hamamoto (AndanTEC)
    • 15:05 – Scaling better batteries via multi-layer curtain coating: Cristina Sauter (8inks AG)
    • 15:25 – Improving the Printing Process of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells by Integrating Data-Driven Defect Analyses: Jakob Hog (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE)

     
    E2: Drying of multicomponent systems (I)
    • 14:45 – Criteria for the formation of a glassy skin for a drying polymer solution: François Lequeux  (CNRS Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Sorbonne Université)
    • 15:05 – Glassy skin formation during drying of liquid films: Mahammad Aliyev (CNRS, Surface du Verre et Interfaces UMR125, Saint Gobain)
    • 15:25 – Evaporation-driven deformation and coalescence of particle-stabilized oil droplets in aqueous suspensions: Kohei Abe (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

     
    F1: Coating processes (II)
    • 16:15 – Coating of Graded Catalyst Layers for PEM Applications: George Pätzold (Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg)
    • 16:35 – Investigation of the Direct Coating Process of Catalyst Layers on the Membrane for Water Electrolysis: Linus Janning (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology/Thin Film Technology)
    • 16:55 – Fine adjustment of coating width for slot dies and tensioned web slot dies: Harald Doell (TSE TROLLER AG)

     
    F2: Film hydrodynamics (II)
    • 16:15 – Hydrodynamics and Stability of Short Liquid Curtains impacting a static target: Laurent Limat (Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes)
    • 16:35 – Bénard-von Kármán vortex street in a confined geometry: wavelength selection by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities: Luc Lebon (Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes)
    • 16:55 – Mass transfer in planar jet-dispensed films on moving substrates: Helfried Steiner (Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Graz University of Technology)

     

     

    Main Hall

    Assembly Room
    G1: Coating processes (III)
    • 09:45 – Optimizing Slot-Die Heads for Coating of High-Viscosity Materials using CFD-Driven Manifold Design: Vladimir Popok (FOM Technologies)
    • 10:05 – On the gas jet-liquid film instability in jet wiping using a hybrid solver: David Barreiro Villaverde (Universidade da Coruña,  von Karman Institute)
    • 10:25 – Modelling of continuous fluidized bed coating by thermal adhesion: Miguel A. Méndez (von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)

     
    G2: Drying of multicomponent systems (II)
    • 09:45 – Protein concentration dynamics in a respiratory droplet: Javier Martínez-Puig (Carlos III University of Madrid)
    • 10:05 – Bidirectional crystal growth and intermittent dynamics during confined evaporation of salty solutions: Udo Sen (Wageningen University and Research)
    • 10:25 – A numerical model for the transport and drying of solutions in thin porous media: Coffee-stain effect and solute ring formation: Anton Darhuber (Eindhoven University of Technology)
    H1: Drying and crak formation
    • 11:15 -Crack Formation During Processing of Catalyst Layers for PEM Fuel Cells and Electrolysers: Nadine Zimmerer (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)
    • 11:35 -Critical cracking thickness of binary solvent mixture suspensions: a scaling: Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology)
    • 11:55 -Influences of process parameters in the membrane direct coating of catalyst coated membranes for PEM fuel cells: Philipp Quarz (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Thin Film Technology)

     
    H2: Film hydrodynamics (III)
    • 11:15 – An experimental investigation of dynamic wetting at high Weber numbers: Damien Rigutto (Université libre de Bruxelles, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)
    • 11:35 -Efficiently generated base-flow solutions and associated stability analyses for bilayer shear- and gravity-driven flow over patterned substrate: Meriem Al Ahmadi Hammou (Heilbronn University)
    • 11:55 -Understanding super-fast bullet bubbles with the Bretherton problem associated to the coating of the inner-wall of a pipe: Scheid Benoit (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

     

     

    Instructions for authors:

    • Format: Posters must be in A1 format (portrait). Mounting materials will be provided.
    • Content:
      – Ensure all text is legible from a distance.
      – It is recommended that the text occupies no more than 1/5 of the poster area.
      – Author contact information must be included.
    • Printing: Please note that no printing services are available at the venue. All accepted participants are responsible for bringing their own printed poster.
    • Display: All posters will be displayed for the duration of the symposium, starting
      September 16th.
    • Flash Poster Session: Please email a single PDF slide of your poster to David Barreiro (david.barreiro1@udc.es) by Monday, September 15.
    • Awards: The ECS Scientific Committee will award two prizes for the best posters.

    Book of abstracts

    Book of Abstracts - Click Here

    PRE-CONFERENCE TRAINING

    The traditional pre-conference ECS training will be held on September 15th 2025 at the same location than ECS (Rectorate of the University of Coruña). This year’s course will focus on Open source CFD tools for the simulation of coating flows, and will be imparted by highly recognized experts in both open source codes.

    09:30-12:30 BASILISK MULTIPHASE FLOW SIMULATIONS
    Dr. Vatsal Sanjay (Durham University, UK)
    Course contents and instruction for installation »
    14:30-17:30 GETTING STARTED WITH OPENFOAM: FUNDAMENTALS AND PRACTICAL COATING APPLICATIONS
    João Paulo Oliveira Vidal (University of Minho, Portugal)

    More information

    This course is designed to familiarize participants with the foundational principles and diverse applications of OpenFOAM, a versatile open-source computational library. Specifically tailored for beginners, the course serves as a comprehensive introduction for individuals seeking to learn how to utilize OpenFOAM to simulate various phenomena across multiple engineering disciplines.
    The curriculum provides hands-on experience with OpenFOAM’s functionalities, guiding participants through essential concepts such as geometry and mesh generation, numerical discretization, case setup, post-processing, and the fundamentals of navigating the OpenFOAM environment.
    Through interactive, hands-on sessions, participants will systematically enhance their skills by constructing computational models and mastering the library’s tools through comprehensive step-by-step tutorials. Practical exercises will focus on geometry manipulation, mesh generation, defining simulation parameters, and interpreting results, ensuring that even individuals with no prior experience can confidently leverage OpenFOAM’s capabilities.
    Accessible to industry professionals, researchers, and entry-level students, the course places a particular emphasis on applications in coating processes. By the conclusion of the course, participants will have developed a foundational understanding of OpenFOAM and the practical skills necessary to confidently initiate and conduct basic simulations in the coating field.

    Session 1: Introduction to OpenFOAM and Simulation Fundamentals
    • Overview of OpenFOAM and its ecosystem
    • Basic concepts in computational modeling and simulation
    • Introduction to the OpenFOAM workflow: directory structure, solvers, and utilities
    • Setting up the working environment and running a simple tutorial case

    Session 2: Geometry, Mesh Generation, and Case Setup in OpenFOAM
    • Creating and importing geometries for simulation
    • Fundamentals of mesh generation
    • Configuring case files: boundary conditions, physical properties, and solver settings
    • Introduction to post-processing results with ParaView

    Session 3: Hands-On Coating Case Study
    • Step-by-step setup of a basic coating process simulation
    • Defining geometry and mesh for a coating application
    • Selecting appropriate solver and configuring simulation parameters
    • Running the simulation and analyzing results
    • Discussion of best practices and troubleshooting common issues

    Instructions for OpenFOAM® libraries installation »

    The training will be hand-on and opened to first-time users. It is proposed as an option during the registration process.

    Vatsal Sanjay

    Vatsal Sanjay

    University of Durham, Computational Multiphase Physics (CoMPhy) Lab

    Vatsal Sanjay is a soft matter physicist at Durham University, where he leads the Computational Multiphase Physics (CoMPhy) Lab. His research focuses on non‑Newtonian free‑surface flows and soft matter singularities — fluid phenomena like drops, bubbles, jets and sheets where interfaces undergo rapid changes. He actively champions open science through open source code development. Prior to joining Durham in July 2025 as an Assistant Professor, Vatsal earned a PhD (cum laude) in viscous free‑surface flows at the University of Twente and served as a postdoctoral researcher there from 2022 to 2025, focusing on computational fluid dynamics and non‑Newtonian interfacial flows. He studied mechanical engineering at IIT Roorkee graduating with the departmental gold‑medal.

    João Paulo Oliveira Vidal

    João Paulo Oliveira Vidal

    IPC – Institute for Polymers and Composites, Polymer Engineering Department, University of Minho

    João Paulo Vidal is a PhD student at the University of Minho’s Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC). His research integrates three core domains: product development, polymer processing, and material rheology. He specializes in developing computational rheology tools within the open-source library OpenFOAM, which are critical for modeling complex material behavior in manufacturing processes. He holds an MSc in Product Engineering (2023) from the University of Minho and a BSc in Mechanical Engineering (2014) from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. Prior to his PhD, he worked as a Development Engineer at Soprefa – Componentes Industriais SA. In this role, he designed extrusion tools and led the technical work on the industrial project “HPC4PE – High-Performance Computing for Profile Extrusion.” There, he developed a CAD-HPC interface to enable automated optimization. His expertise encompasses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), programming (C++, Python), and the application of open-source software to address complex industrial problems.